8.324 Relativistic Quantum Field Theory II
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چکیده
The renormalization program has been shown to be a success operationally: 1. For a renormalizable theory, all ultraviolet divergences can be absorbed into redefinitions of bare quan tities, which are not observable. What is meant by the set of physical observables is unambiguous: it is well-defined in terms of a small number of physical couplings, masses and so forth. 2. The requirement of renormalizability is a strong constraint on the physical theories we should con sider. Theories satisfying this constraint included quantum electrodynamics, Yang-Mills theories and the standard model. Conceptually, we want to understand why it works. Many of the older generation of physicists did not accept renormalization when it was first introduced operationally. There are several difficulties with this: 1. The process is perturbative in nature: it has to be carried out order-by-order in perturbation theory. Also, when carrying out perturbation theory, with a Lagrangian of the form
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